Secure multi-party computation is a well-known cryptographic technique designed to secure digital assets or protect information cryptographically. Today, several MPC theories and algorithms are leveraged in various sectors to safeguard information. Similarly, with the rise in popularity of blockchain-based financial solutions (DeFi), the interest in MPC has spiked, mainly due

Introduction After the Merge’s success, the Ethereum network transitioned from a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus model into a Proof of Stake (PoS) one, making it a less energy-intensive blockchain. However, amid the numerous positives that the merge appears to have yielded, a threat of centralization is beginning to

Threshold cryptography is one of the most secure techniques for carrying out cryptographic operations. For context, cryptography is a field of study in computer science that emphasizes securely accessing and transferring information between two or more parties without external influence. The importance of cryptography cannot be overstated, not only in

In this article, we will look into Ethereum and its different issues. We will also explore how Ethereum's competitors address these challenges.

Consensus, execution, data availability, and settlement are said to be the four primary functions of a blockchain network. When a blockchain network executes all four of these functionalities in its base layer, it’s called a monolithic blockchain. Whereas, if a blockchain network handles only a few out of the

“Bulletproofs: Short like bullets, yet offering bulletproof security assumptions". With these words, Shashank Agrawal named the technology that played an essential role in stabilizing blockchain privacy solutions. Although Agrawal's epic caption meant that this new technology earned its name, it does not explain why they’re safe, useful, and necessary

If you are familiar with cryptography, computational protocols, and distributed systems, you must surely have encountered the phrase 'trusted setups'. Trusted setups are integral to the optimal performance of several cryptographic protocols like zero-knowledge proof systems. Yet, some users of these systems may have trouble understanding the complexities going on

zk-SNARKs and zk-STARKs permeate almost everything zero-knowledge in blockchain. Here's all you need to know to understand how they differ.

We’ve come a long way from smart contracts to sidechains and rollups before reaching zkEVM technology as the potential solution to the blockchain scalability problem. This problem has been at the core of most of the blockchain innovation we’ve seen in the past couple of years. Without sacrificing

It is no secret that the crypto space has witnessed tremendous growth in the past few years. DeFi protocols, NFT collections, ZK-rollup projects and everything in between have made a debut since the ICO era. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of cryptocurrencies has yielded massive upwards price action and a greater

More than one user has wondered what are hash functions, a term usually thrown around the more technical crypto circles. The word 'hash' may evoke memories of meat and potatoes, chopped and mixed. However, food is the last thing on the menu. In this case, computers take center stage. This

While it looks like rocket science when you first come across it, the concept of a zero-knowledge proof is not as confusing as it seems. In fact, it can be summarized as digital accountability.

There are no clear Bitcoin competitors when it comes to value-oriented blockchains. Bitcoin has over 180 million users, and the network averages hundreds of thousands of daily transactions, facilitating cross-border payments. However, as more people regard Bitcoin as a full-fledged digital asset akin to gold or real estate, the question